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Edward of Portugal Biography |
Edward of Portugal (Duarte, in Portuguese language), the Philosopher, eleventh king of Portugal, was born in Viseu in October 31, 1391 and died in Tomar in September 13, 1438. He was the son of John I of Portugal by his wife, Philippa of Lancaster. Edward succeeded his father in 1433.
As a prince, Edward always followed his father, king John I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the capture of Ceuta. Duarte was made king in 1433 and soon showed interest in internal consensus. During is short reign of five years, Edward called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. The king also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. His brother, prince Henry the Navigator founded the navigation school of Sagres and Gil Eanes crossed the Bojador Cape during his reign.
In 1437, his brothers, princes Henry and Fernando persuaded Edward to launch an attack on Morocco and thus win an African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: princes Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and John, duke of Aveiro were against the initiative and preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but with great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother prince Fernando was captured and eventually died in captivity. Edward died of plague soon afterwards.
Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related with culture. A reflective and scholarly prince, he wrote the treatise O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) as well as other books on hunting and several poems. Edward was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.
Duarte's marriages and descendants
By his wife, princess Eleanor of Aragon (1402-1455)
John (1429)
Philippa (1430-1439)
Afonso V, king of Portugal (1432-1481)
Mary (1432)
Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (1433-1470), father of Manuel I, king of Portugal
Eleanor, princess of Portugal (1434-1467), married Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Edward (1435)
Catherine (1436-1463)
Joan, princess of Portugal (1439-1475), married king Henry IV of Castile |
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